讲解

回顾

很多的从句。

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.

生词

• regard… as…  把……看作……
• jury n. 陪审团
• jury system 陪审团制度
• serve on a jury 担任陪审员
• juror n. 陪审员
• concrete expression 具体表达
• crucial adj. 决定性的，重要的
• democratic adj. 民主的；平等的
• principle n. 原则，原理；准则，规范
• minimal adj. 极小的，最小的
• qualification n. 资历；学历；资格
• literacy n. 读写能力
• competent adj. 足以胜任的；有能力的
• randomly adv. 随机地；随意地
• representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的；有代表性的
• represent v. 表现；代表
• on account of  因为，由于
• defendant n. 被告
• be entitled to do sth.  有资格去做某事，享有做某事的资格
• trial n. 审讯，审判
• peer n. 同等的人
• verdict n. 裁定，裁决
• the conscience of the community 社会的良知
• the letter of the law 法律条文的字面意思

解析

1. 找谓语动词：regard/meet/should be/should be/are/should represent
2. 断开：that/who/that/that/that/(and)that断开
   1. 【主句】句1：Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles
   2. 【同位】句2：that all citizens 句3 are equally competent to serve on juries;
   3. 【定从】句3：who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy
   4. 【同位】句4：that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;
   5. 【同位】句5：that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin;
   6. 【同位】句6：that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;
   7. 【同位】句7：and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.
3. 结构：
   1. 【平行结构】：5个that同位语从句通过分号和and连接，构成平行结构。跟在抽象名词principles后面，进行解释说明。
4. 翻译：许多美国人认为陪审团制度是至关重要的民主价值观的具体体现，其中包括以下原则：所有满足最低年龄和文化要求的公民都具备同等资格担任陪审员； 陪审员应从社会各部门的典型代表中随机挑选； 任何公民不得由于种族、宗教、性别和民族出身被剥夺担任陪审员的权利； 被告人有权利接受由同等地位的人进行的审判； 审判结果应该代表社会良知，而不仅仅是法律条文的字面意义。

预习

Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

生词

• prohibit v. 禁止；阻止，使不可能
• intentional adj. 故意的，蓄意的
• racial adj. 种族之间的
• discrimination n. 歧视，区别对待；区分，辨别
• elite n. 权力集团，上层人士；尖子，精英 adj. 出类拔萃的，精锐的
• blue-ribbon adj. 第一流的，头等的
• antidiscrimination adj. 反歧视的

解析

1. 找谓语动词：had
2. 简化：Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
3. 简化之后的核心部分：最高法院已经禁止了歧视
4. 翻译：
   1. 尽管美国的最高法院已经禁止故意的种族歧视早在1880年的施特劳德诉西弗吉尼亚州案中，所谓的精英或者一流的陪审团的选择的实践提供了一个方便的办法围绕着这个案件和其他反歧视法。
   2. 机翻：尽管早在1880年的斯特劳德诉西弗吉尼亚州案中，美国最高法院就禁止在选择陪审团时故意进行种族歧视，但选择所谓的精英陪审团或蓝带陪审团的做法为绕过这一法律和其他反歧视法提供了方便。
5. 复审：in jury selection 是修饰discrimination的，意思是：在陪审团选择上的歧视，什么歧视，racial 种族歧视，翻译一下就是尽管最高法院已经禁止在选择陪审团时故意的种族歧视，as early as the 1880 case of … 早在1880年的…案件中；所以就是，尽管早在1880年的..案件中，美国最高法院就已经禁止在选择陪审团时故意的种族歧视；接下来就是转折，但是这个选择所谓的精英或者一流的陪审团(selecting ….)的(of)实践(practice)为(around)这个和其他的反歧视法提供了方便。
6. 小结：虽然说句子结构分析上没有很大问题，但是在翻译句子的时候，找不准词之间的关系，就导致每次翻译的都与原句有较大区别。