讲解

回顾

As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.

生词

• a discovery claim 发现声明
• works one’s way through… 排除困难通过……
• community n. 社会，社区，社团（文中指科学界）
• interaction n. 相互作用，相互影响，互动
• confrontation n. 对抗, 对抗的事物
• science and technology 科学与技术，科技
• transform… into… 把……转变成……

解析

1. 找谓语动词： works/transforms
2. 断开：通过标点逗号和连接词as断开长难句。
   1. 【主句】句1：As a discovery claim works its way through the community,
   2. 【】句2：the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
3. 重点：
   1. 动词-ed/ing转变为形容词来使用
      1. shared and competing beliefs
      2. the science and the technology involved
   2. 断开长难句+去扩展找核心：通过标点逗号和连接词as断开长难句。介词短语是句子的非核心，可以先去掉不看。
      1. 从句的核心：As a discovery claim works its way…
      2. 主句的核心：the interaction and confrontation… transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
      3. 注意：虽然into是介词，into带领的介词短语也是句子的非核心内容，但由于它与前面的动词构成词组transform… into…，因此为了表意完整而没有去掉。
4. 翻译：在发现声明通过科学界的逐级审查之时，与该科技相容或相抗的理念间的相互作用、相互对抗，把个人的研究发现转变成科学界的可信发现。

预习

Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

生词

• plenty n. 富裕，充裕 pron. adv. 大量，很多

解析

1. 找谓语动词：is/is/have
2. 断开：even though/that/逗号
   1. 【主句】句1：Even though there is plenty of evidence
   2. 【定从】句2：that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable,
   3. 句3：teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.
3. 结构：
   1. 【嵌套】：句首让步状语从句，嵌套定语从句
   2. 【平行】：句3and并列doing词组
4. 翻译：
   1. 即使有大量的证据关于这个教师的质量是最重要的变化因素，但是教师的联合有与坏事物和推动好事物作斗争。
   2. 尽管有大量证据表明教师的素质是最重要的变量，但教师工会一直反对解雇糟糕的教师，提拔优秀的教师。