讲解

回顾

很多并列

In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”

生词

• congressional adj. 国会的，议会的
• Democrat n. 民主党人
• Republican n. 共和党人
• individual benefactor  个人捐助者
• maintain v. 维护；保持
• excellence n. 卓越地位；优秀，长处
• humanity n. 人文学科
• social scientific scholarship 社会科学学术研究、学术成就

解析

1. 找谓语动词：sent/identify/could be taken
2. 断开：通过连接词that来断开长难句
   1. 【主句】句1：In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking
   2. 【宾从】句2：that it identify actions
   3. 【定从】句3：that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
3. 结构：
   1. 平行并列结构：大家要注意搞清楚平行并列结构，尤其是多个平行并列结构嵌套在一起（大平行里面还嵌套了小平行）的时候，一定要搞清楚什么跟什么平行并列才能把句子意思看懂，避免产生混淆。
4. 翻译：2010年，全国民主党及共和党要员向美国人文与科学院致函，要求其界定出能够被“联邦/州/地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、私人捐助者等”采取的行动，以“维护国家在人文与社会科学学术研究及教育领域的卓越地位”。

预习

To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.

生词

• innovation n. 新事物，新方法
• investment n. 投资，投入
• coherent adj. 有条理的，连贯的
• curricula adj. 课程 curriculum的复数

解析

1. 找谓语动词：calls/improve/communicate
2. 断开：that
   1. 句1：To encourage innovation and competition,
   2. 【主句】句2：the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula
   3. 【定从】句3：that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
3. 平行：句1，句3中的to solve and communicate，increased and the
4. 翻译：
   1. 为了鼓励创新和竞争，报告呼吁增加对研究的投资，制定连贯的课程，提高学生在21世纪解决问题和有效沟通的能力，增加对教师的资助，并鼓励学者将他们的学习成果用于应对当今的巨大挑战。